- Join five indicator layers — betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, pedestrian network density, public transport access, and service frequency — onto a 1,331-cell spatial grid (EPSG:25832) by grid ID.
- Build Queen contiguity spatial weights; apply a spatial lag to betweenness, closeness, and frequency (not to pedestrian/transit access, matching the original specification).
- Z-standardize all five (lagged) indicators.
- Composite index = mean of the five z-scores, then min-max normalized to [0, 1].
- Local Moran's I (LISA) on the normalized index — High-High / Low-Low / High-Low / Low-High clusters at p ≤ 0.05.
Grid cells1,331
Indicators combined5
Complete-data cells509 (38%)
WeightsQueen contiguity
Known caveat (inherited from the original analysis): grid cells missing pedestrian-network or public-transport data (roughly 30–60% of cells, likely outside mapped network coverage) get a NaN composite index, filled to 0 before mapping/LISA — i.e. "no data" is treated as "worst accessibility." Worth revisiting (exclude vs. impute vs. flag) if this index is used beyond exploratory mapping.